Ngoko vs Krama: Politeness Levels That Confuse Even Natives

Javanese speech levels

By Ky Tutur, Javanese Culturalist • September 25, 2025 “Kowe arep adol iki?” (Are you going to sell this?). Instead of the warm, reciprocal smile you expect, her expression tightens. A flicker of surprise, perhaps even offense, crosses her face. The air, once filled with the lively market chatter, suddenly turns awkward and cold around… Baca selengkapnya: Ngoko vs Krama: Politeness Levels That Confuse Even Natives